Diabetes mellitus is a pathological process that involves disorders of the endocrine system that are the result of relative or absolute causes of lack of insulin hormone. As a result, a sudden increase in glucose concentration in the bloodstream (hyperglycemia factor).
The characteristic of the disease is the damage to metabolism at all systemic levels and chronic pathways. In order to deeper the complexity of diabetes, the risk of multiple disorders accompanying the disease, the concepts of energy and metabolism should be thoroughly explored.
For the harmonious functioning of all body systems, energy is vital. The body cannot generate independently and consume it from external sources.
One of the special and important suppliers of unique energy is the food base. Carbohydrate complexes, such as food components, are delivered to people's organisms within 50-75% of the whole energy.
Carbohydrates are most organic substances on the surface of the Earth, and are kept at the cellular level in all living substances. They transfer energy to organs, giving life and well -being to all systems.
But the body itself does not synthesize carbohydrates, but takes them with food. Most of these elements are concentrated in plant cells.
Carbohydrates are divided into simple (or monosaccharide) and complex (or polysaccharide). The first type includes glucose and fructose, second cellulose, starch, glycogen. All types are assimilated at different degrees. Monosaccharides, as an energy base, enter the bloodstream at a rapid rate, resulting in a sudden increase in sugar levels. The polysaccharide process of assimilation is very slow. The main role of polysaccharides is the stabilization and quality of digestion in the intestinal class, as well as the selection of toxic substances and slag complexes.
Glucose is a dominant energy provider, not free in the food publication. It is formed by the decomposition of the third coastal carbohydrates during food processing and then transported to the blood. Sugar levels always increase at the same time. Then the glucose cage is placed under the control and influence of the insulin. After moving inside, glucose performs a metabolic procedure.
To set the sugar process
The most important function of adjusting carbohydrate metabolic processes belongs to the pancreas hormone -insulin. The pancreas (pancreas) is an organ that is responsible for the functionality and development of internal and external secretion. Internal secretion produces antagonist hormones: insulin and glucagon. External secretion contributes to the formation of a substance that normalizes digestion. These hormones are produced by feeding beta cells. Insulin reduces sugar and glucagon increases.
In addition to increased glucose levels, insulin is thrown into the bloodstream and provokes glucose penetration into the cell. Food contributes to the addition of insulin, so the sugar does not increase and its level is stable. Excess glucose is stored in the liver, such as glucagon, which is transformed into glucose as needed. Due to the lack of glucose, glucagon retains glycogen, successfully passing on to the consistency of glucose, giving the body more energy.
The normal level of glucose ranges from 75-115 mg/dl in the morning before meals. After a meal, the glucose level reaches 125-145 mg/dl.
Types of diabetes
- insulin -dependent form (type 1 diabetes mellitus);
- Insulinone -dependent form (type 2 diabetes mellitus).
The first type of pathology is the inability of pancreatic cells to develop a sufficient amount of insulin (production is missing at all). Causes of such failures are the total death of glandular cells, both harmful factors - viruses, stress, weak immune system, improper diet, any form of inflammation directly in the pancreas and excessive fat.
It requires mandatory insulin injections for type 1 diabetes according to strict graphics.
The second type of disease, the insulin -dependent, is more common, which is characterized by a sufficient insulin norm but is not perceived by the body, the result is a small dose of insulin. The causes differ: from obesity to the diseases of the internal organs, thyroid gland and pituitary gland. An important aspect is the use of various spectrum drugs.
Signs
In both types of diseases, sugar is not able to absorb at the cellular level and is rooted in blood cells, which makes them energized. Signs of both types of diabetes are the same - this is multiple urination, in large quantities, the desire to drink a lot of fluids, the reduction of body weight with good nutrition, increased fatigue, low skin regeneration, the appearance of wounds and purulent formations.
The differences in the signs are only as follows: the first type develops in the shortest possible time and is quite bright. In patients with a second type of disease, it continues without signs and can feel random. Such people are studied in urine, which is abnormal. The first type of sugar and acetone is the first type of urine.
Treatment
The first type is treated with a constant injection of insulin according to schedule and if type 2 diabetes have been developedToIt has hypoglycemic treatment with drugs that reduce the concentration of candy. The moment of integrated approach and proper therapy is important here.
Oral drugs
- At the initial stage of the disease, A-glucosidase inhibitors, sulfonyl-mochevina preparations are effective.
- Medicines - Biguanides.
- It is used effectively in the treatment of diabetes, various dietary supplements, various dietary supplements.
It is important to know and understand that the disease is misleading and dangerous complications. They crawl quietly in all directions and can lead to disability and often death in the future.
Potential problems
- Periodontal disease, stomatitis.
- Liver disease.
- Disorders in the gallbladder.
- Brain violation and malfunction of blood supply.
- Diseases of visual channels and various injuries, possibly blindness.
Diet
Therapeutic foods are scientifically called "Diet Nine Nine", which is strictly prescribed by the type of disease in the order of the doctor. It is important to focus on the guided principle, such as excluding fried, spicy, salty and spicy foods. Below with canned food and alcohol, remove the sweets. Strict checks and restrictions of fats, fractional techniques of food. Diet in diabetes is the main component of maintaining a relatively normal condition.
1 with type of diabetes
These types of dietary rules are aimed at calculating the bread unit or carbohydrates. It is important not the food itself, but the quantitative parameters.
The drawer is maintained: a single food consumption with 7-8 bread units in carbohydrates up to 90 grams. Before a meal, insulin dosing and units are always calculated before a meal. Any completely sweet liquid was excluded.
2 with type of diabetes
Here, the most important thing is to stabilize the carbohydrate process. Exercise and reduction in food consumption are used with calorie content during treatment. The calculation is performed by an individual program.
Permissible products
- Mushroom and vegetable soup, beetroot soup, okroshka, low greasy fish cooking.
- Low greasy beef, calf, rabbit, chicken fillet.
- Rye and wheat type bran, bran.
- Fish without fat: you can cook and bake.
- Small cheeses, sour -all cuisine, yoghurts.
- The egg is up to 2 pieces per week and only protein. The egg yolk is occasionally.
- Millet, barley porridge, buckwheat, oatmeal and pearl barley
- Salad foliage, pumpkin, cucumber, tomato, zucchini, cabbage and eggplants. The vegetables are preferably cooked and baked. The potatoes are very small.
- Fruits and berries without sweets such as apples, grapefruit. Directors and compotes in a sorbitone.
Prohibited products
- Fat broth.
- Any fatty meat.
- Pie, rolls, soba.
- Fat fish.
- Any type of pickles and smoking.
- Fish and meat in their canned food, oil solutions, caviar.
- All salty cheese, cottage cheese, sugar, butter.
- White varieties, rice, semolina and pasta in any form.
- Salt and marinades, vegetables of the baby family.
- Vocabulary, grapes, figs, bananas, dates, jam, chocolate.
- Grapes, peaches and other species with increased sweets.
Alarm signals need to go to doctors immediately if you find the symptoms of diabetes and start in time by preventive measures and treatment course. Prevention is particularly important for those who are genetic about type 2 diabetes, excess body weight or pathology in the pancreas.
Nowadays, a patient with the disease has relevant and realistic opportunities to avoid difficulties and at the level of high qualitative life. Any person can avoid and stop the consequences of the disease. Any patient is easily accessible to treating all kinds of diabetes. This is a wide range of drugs, insulin preparations, tools for their inputs, control types, insulin preparations, insulin preparations, and a wide range of devices.
Nowadays, unique courses and seminars are available to teach patients. High -class experts, experts in their field, introduce and informatively in all desires and suffering on all issues related to the disease.
Important rules of diabetics
- Continuous control and consultation with a cardiologist to avoid the development of atherosclerosis and heart attack.
- Hard pressure control.
- Frequent visit to the ophthalmic office, checking the visual device.
- Checking the condition of the lower limbs and joints.
- It is enough to stay in the fresh air.